Suggested corrections for English translations of neo-Calvinist sources

Herman Bavinck, Gereformeerde dogmatiek (Reformed Dogmatics)

Original text English translation Comments Suggested translation

Deel 1 (Volume 1)

In dezelfde beteekenis spreken de kerkvaders van de christelijke religie of leer als το θειον δογμα, van de menschwording van Christus als δογμα της θεολογιας, van de waarheden des geloofs, die in en voor de kerk gelden als τα της ἐκκλησιας δογματα, en evenzoo van de leeringen der ketters als δογματα των ἑτεροδοξων enz.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §2, p. 4.
In the same sense the church fathers speak of the Christian religion or doctrine as the divine dogma, of Christ’s incarnation as the dogma of theology, of the truths of the faith that are authoritative in and for the church as the dogmata of the church, and so forth.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §2, p. ???.
The last part of the sentence is omitted.
In the same sense the church fathers speak of the Christian religion or doctrine as the divine dogma, of Christ’s incarnation as the dogma of theology, of the truths of the faith that are authoritative in and for the church as the dogmata of the church, and likewise of the teachings of the heretics as the dogmas of the heterodox.
godsdienstige of theologische dogmata ontleenen hun gezag alleen aan een Goddelijk getuigenis, hetzij dit bij de Heidenen uit een orakel of bij de Christenen uit de Schrift of, zooals bij de Roomchen, ook uit de kerk wordt vernomen.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §2, p. 4.
By contrast, religious or theological dogmas owe their authority solely to a divine testimony, whether this is perceived, as among pagans, from an oracle, or, among Protestant Christians, from Scripture or, among Roman Catholics, from the magisterium of the church.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §2, p. ???.
The translation ignores the word "ook" (also) and therefore sounds as if Catholics ignore Scripture.
By contrast, religious or theological dogmas owe their authority solely to a divine testimony, whether this is perceived, as among pagans, from an oracle, or, among Christians, from Scripture or, among Roman Catholics, also from the magisterium of the church.
Gewoonlijk werd het woord echter in enger zin gebezigd, voor de doctrina evangelii et legis, voor die sententiae, quibus credi aut obtemperari necesse est propter mandatum Dei. Het omvatte dus niet alleen de leerstellige, maar ook de ethische waarheid. Later echter is het woord dogma nog enger begrensd geworden, doordat de doctrina legis van de doctrina evangelii onderscheiden en gescheiden werd; dogmata waren nu alleen die sententiae, quibus credi necesse est propter mandatum Dei.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §3, p. 10.
As a rule, however, the word was used in a more restricted sense for the doctrine of gospel and law, for “the judgments which have to be believed and obeyed because of a mandate from God.” It therefore embraced not only doctrinal but also ethical truth. Later, however, the word was further delimited because the doctrine of the law was distinguished and separated from the doctrine of the gospel. Then only judgments that one must believe and obey because of a mandate from God qualified as “dogmata.”
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §3, p. ???.
Bavinck argues that the word dogma originally denoted “the judgments that had to be believed [doctrinal aspect] and obeyed [ethical aspect].” Later, however, its meaning was further narrowed to include only “judgments that had to be believed,” since the second Latin phrase does not mention obedience.
As a rule, however, the word was used in a more restricted sense for the doctrine of gospel and law, for “the judgments which have to be believed and obeyed because of a mandate from God.” It therefore embraced not only doctrinal but also ethical truth. Later, however, the word was further delimited because the doctrine of the law was distinguished and separated from the doctrine of the gospel. Then only judgments that one must believe because of a mandate from God qualified as “dogmata.”
Maar naast dat weten is er toch plaats voor een gelooven, dat op grond van de zedelijke vrijheid, in den kategorischen imperatief gewaarborgd, het bestaan van God, van de ziel en van hare onsterfelijkheid postuleert.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §4, p. 11.
But next to this form of knowing there is room for a faith that, based on moral freedom and under warrant of the categorical imperative, postulates the existence of God, and the soul and its immortality.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §3, p. ???.
The words about categorical imperative are related to freedom, not to faith.
But next to this form of knowing there is room for a faith that, based on moral freedom (as warranted in the categorical imperative) postulates the existence of God, and the soul and its immortality.
Het komt er toch alles op aan, wat men in de dogmatiek onder systeem en systematische constructie verstaat.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §8, p. 23.
In any case, everything in dogmatics depends on what one means by system and systematic construction.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §8, p. ???.
The word order here is significant: Bavinck argues that — not in dogmatics itself, but in determining whether there is room for systematization within it — everything depends on what one means by “system” in dogmatics.
In any case, everything here depends on what one means by system and systematic construction in dogmatics.
Do gedachten Gods kunnen met elkander niet strijden en vormen dus noodzakelijk in zichzelve eene organische eenheid.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §8, p. 24.
God’s thoughts cannot be opposed to one another and thus necessarily from an organic unity.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §8, p. ???.
Typo.
God’s thoughts cannot be opposed to one another and thus necessarily form an organic unity.
Volkomen juist zegt Kaftan:
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §8, p. 25.
According to Kaftan, this is completely correct:
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §8, p. ???.
It's Bavinck's judgment about what Kaftan says, not Kaftan's judgment about something.
Kaftan says completely correctly:
en de enkele geloovige, die zich tot de dogmatische studiën zet, zal slechts dan een duurzame vrucht van zijn arbeid achterlaten, zoo hij zich niet isoleert, noch in het verleden, noch in zijn omgeving, maar juist én historisch én actueel in de volle gemeenschap der heiligen staat
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §8, p. 26.
Furthermore, the individual believer who puts his mind to the pursuit of dogmatic studies will only produce lasting benefit from his labors if he does not isolate himself, either in the past or from his surroundings, but instead takes his place both historically and contemporarily in the full communion of the saints.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §8, p. ???.
"from" is incorrect: Bavinck means that one should not isolate oneself within a circle of like-minded people, but should engage with the broader Christian tradition
Furthermore, the individual believer who puts his mind to the pursuit of dogmatic studies will only produce lasting benefit from his labors if he does not isolate himself, either in the past or in his immediate environment, but instead takes his place both historically and contemporarily in the full communion of the saints.
Niet buiten de bestaande kerken om, maar door deze heen bereidt Christus zich zijne ééne heilige, algemeene gemeente.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §23, p. 71.
It is not apart from the existing churches but through them that Christ prepares for himself a holy, catholic church.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §23, p. ???.
It is not apart from the existing churches but through them that Christ prepares for himself one holy, catholic church.
Maar al heeft deze methode voor een enkel dogma op zichzelf misschien veel aanbevelenswaardigs, en al is ze in de dogmatiek ook ondergeschikt van waarde; toch heeft ze dit tegen, dat het bij haar niet komt tot een wetenschappelijk systeem.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §26, p. 80.
For a few dogmas as such this method may be highly commendable, and it may be true that theologians undervalue it. Nonetheless, the objection to it is that by using this method one cannot achieve a scientific system.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §26, p. ???.
For a few dogmas this method may be highly commendable as such, and it also has a certain subordinate value in dogmatics. Nonetheless, the objection to it is that by using this method one cannot achieve a scientific system.
Maar de uitgave van 1535 werd door Melanchton zeer uitgebreid en leidde de secunda aetas der Loci in; ze werd in eene voorrede opgedragen aan Hendrik VIII.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §30, p. 89.
The 1535 edition, greatly expanded by Melanchthon, introduced the second period of the Loci. The preface was dedicated to King Henry VIII.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §30, p. ???.
Not only the preface, but the whole book was dedicated.
The 1535 edition, greatly expanded by Melanchthon, introduced the second period of the Loci. In the preface, the book was dedicated to King Henry VIII.
Barth. Keckerman te Dantzig had reeds vóór Calixtus in 1603 een Systema S. Theologiae het licht doen zien.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §31, p. 92.
In 1603, even before Calixtus, Bartholomaus Keckermann at Danzig had published a Systema Summa Theologiae.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §31, p. ???.
Incorrect title.
In 1603, even before Calixtus, Bartholomaus Keckermann at Danzig had published a Systema Sacrosanctae Theologiae.
De eersten zooals de Alogi, Theodotus en zijne partij, Artemas c. s. en vooral ook in het Oosten Paulus van Samosata, bisschop van Antiochië sedert 260, trachtten de eenheid Gods zoo te handhaven, dat zij Zoon en Geest niet voor personen maar voor eigenschappen hielden en aan Jezus de Godheid ontzegden.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §39, p. 118.
In the East, from 260 on, the “dynamic” party (the Alogi, Theodotus and his group, Artemas cum suis, and especially Paul of Samosata, bishop of Antioch) sought to maintain the oneness of God by regarding the Son and the Spirit, not as persons but as [divine] attributes, and denied Jesus’ deity
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §39, p. ???.
260 refers to "bishop of Antioch".
In the East, the “dynamic” party (the Alogi, Theodotus and his group, Artemas cum suis, and especially Paul of Samosata, bishop of Antioch since 260) sought to maintain the oneness of God by regarding the Son and the Spirit, not as persons but as [divine] attributes, and denied Jesus’ deity
Het Chalcedonense bracht echter geen vrede, de verwarring nam toe, het monophysitisme was in het Oosten te sterk. Het vond wel een krachtig verdediger in Leontius van Byzantium 485—543, door Harnack de eerste scholasticus genoemd, en werd ook erkend op de 5e synode te Constantinopel 551. Maar de Monophysieten werden niet gewonnen, ook niet door de bemoeiingen van Justinianus I. De in de 7e eeuw opkomende monergistische en monotheletische strijd eindigde met de vaststelling van twee willen in Christus op de Ge synode te Constantinopel 680.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §40, p. 121.
The Chalcedonian formula, however, failed to bring peace. Since the monophysitism of the East was strong, a confused situation became even more confused. Leontius of Byzantium (485–543), whom Harnack calls the first “scholastic,” was a strong defender of monophysitism, and it was also recognized at the fifth Synod of Constantinople in 551. But the Monophysites were not persuaded, not even by the interventions of Justinian I. The monergistic and monotheletic conflicts that arose in the seventh century ended at the sixth synod at Constantinople (680) with the dogmatic fixation of the two wills in Christ.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §40, p. ???.
"Het" from the second sentence refers to het Chalcedonense, not to het monophysitisme. The translation sounds as if Leontius defended monophysitism, which is wrong.

Furthermore, the translation implies that monophysitism was recognized at the fifth Synod of Constantinople, which is a serious mistake.

Monergism (the belief that God alone acts in salvation) is much different from monoenergism (the belief that Christ has only one energy).
The Chalcedonian formula, however, failed to bring peace. Since the monophysitism of the East was strong, a confused situation became even more confused. Leontius of Byzantium (485–543), whom Harnack calls the first “scholastic,” was a strong defender of the formula, and it was also recognized at the fifth Synod of Constantinople in 551. But the Monophysites were not persuaded, not even by the interventions of Justinian I. The monoenergist and monotheletic conflicts that arose in the seventh century ended at the sixth synod at Constantinople (680) with the dogmatic fixation of the two wills in Christ.
Redding uit dien toestand is er alleen door de gratia, die haar aanvang reeds neemt in de praedestinatio, die zich objectief openbaart in den persoon en het werk van Christus, certum propriumque fidei catholicae fundamentum, maar die ook subjectief in ons komen moet als gratia interna, en het geloof en de liefde ons moet instorten.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §43, p. 131-32.
Salvation from this condition exists only by grace, which has its origin in predestination and is objectively revealed in the person and work of Christ. Objective grace is the sure and proper foundation of the Catholic faith but must also come into us subjectively as internal grace to infuse faith and love.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §43, p. ???.
The Latin phrase refers to Christ, not to grace.
Salvation from this condition exists only by grace, which has its origin in predestination and is objectively revealed in the person and work of Christ, the sure and proper foundation of the Catholic faith, but must also come into us subjectively as internal grace to infuse faith and love.
Ook leerde Augustinus wel de perseverantia sanctorum, maar hij durfde de subjectieve verzekerdheid daarvan niet aan.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §43, p. 132.
Also, though Augustine taught the perseverance of the saints, he dared not risk the subjective certainty of it.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §43, p. ???.
Also, though Augustine taught the perseverance of the saints, he did not dare to affirm the subjective assurance of it.
Vóór het concilie te Trente waren de voornaamste theologen Cajetanus ✝ 1534, Dr. Eek ✝ 1543, Cochlaeus ✝ 1552, Sadoletus ✝ 1547 e. a.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §47, p. 143.
Supporting the Council of Trent were the most prominent theologians: Cajetan (d. 1534), John Eck (d. 1543), Cochlaus (d. 1552), Sadoletos (d. 1547), and others.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §47, p. ???.
Cajetan & Eck could not "support" the Council of Trent as they died before it convened.
Before the Council of Trent, the most prominent theologians were Cajetan (d. 1534), John Eck (d. 1543), Cochlaeus (d. 1552), Sadoletos (d. 1547), and others.
Aan de andere zijde stonden de Gnesio-lutheranen, vooral in Weimar en Jena, zooals Nic. von Amsdorf ✝ 1565.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §50, p. 155.
On the other side were the Gnesio-Lutherans, especially in Weimar and Jena, such as Nich. von Amsdorf (d. 1505).
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §50, p. ???.
Typo.
On the other side were the Gnesio-Lutherans, especially in Weimar and Jena, such as Nich. von Amsdorf (d. 1565).
Argumenta et objectiones de praecipuis articulis doctrinae christ...

Einleitung in die dogm. Gottesgelahrheit...

Lehrbuch des Christl. Glaubens...

Vorles. über die Dogmatik
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §50, p. 155.
Argumenta et objectiones de praecipuis articutis doctrinae Christianae...

Einleitung in die dogmatischen Gottesgelahrheit...

Lehrbuch des Christliche Glaubens...

Vorles über die Dogmatik
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §50, p. ???.
Just too many typos in titles in one and the same chapter.
Argumenta et objectiones de praecipuis articulis doctrinae Christianae...

Einleitung in die dogmatische Gottesgelahrheit...

Lehrbuch des Christlichen Glaubens...

Vorlesungen über die Dogmatik
de afgevaardigden der Dordsche Synode Carlton, Hall, Davenant, prof. in Cambridge, later bisschop van Salisbury en schrijver van Determinationes quaestionum quarundam theologicarum, Cambr. 1634, Ward, Groad, Balcanqual en voorts mannen als Burton, Warton, Prynne, Rouse, Preston, Usher
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §55, p. 179.
the delegates to the Synod of Dordt: Carleton, Hall, and Davenant (professor at Cambridge, later bishop of Salisbury and the author of Determinationes quaestionum quarundam theologicarum [Cambridge, 1634]). Others include Ward, Goad, Balcanqual, Burton, Warton, Prynne, Rouse, Preston, Usher
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §55, p. ???.
Bavinck carefully makes a distinction between the delegates to the Dordt synod and other theologians. This distinction is lost in the translation.
the delegates to the Synod of Dordt: Carleton, Hall, Davenant (professor at Cambridge, later bishop of Salisbury and the author of Determinationes quaestionum quarundam theologicarum [Cambridge, 1634]), Ward, Goad, and Balcanqual. Others include Burton, Warton, Prynne, Rouse, Preston, Usher
In hoofdzaak zijn ze nog orthodox, maar ze zijn meest klein van omvang, vermijden alle scholastiek, en wijken op vele punten al van de oude voorstelling af.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §56, p. 184.
In the main they are still orthodox, avoid all scholastics, and diverge at many points from the old view.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §56, p. ???.
One part of the sentence is lost.
In the main they are still orthodox, but they are mostly small in size, avoid all scholastics, and diverge at many points from the old view.
Maar deze leer rust op een onhoudbaar dualisme van subject en object, maakt den menschelijken geest onafhankelijk van den kosmos, is in beginsel rationalistisch en leidt logisch en ook historisch tot het absolute idealisme. Dit was de door Prof. Spruyt niet vermoede reden, waarom de leer der ideae innatae eenparig door de scholastieke en ook door de Gereformeerde theologen verworpen werd.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §67, p. 226.
But this theory is based on an untenable dualism between subject and object, is in principle rationalistic, and leads logically as well as historically to absolute idealism. According to Prof. Spruyt this was the probable reason why the theory of innate ideas was unanimously rejected by scholastic as well as by Reformed theologians.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §67, p. ???.
One part of the sentence is lost. The translation of the second sentence is incorrect and contradicts what Bavinck says elsewhere about Spruyt.
But this theory is based on an untenable dualism between subject and object, makes the human mind independent of the cosmos, is in principle rationalistic, and leads logically as well as historically to absolute idealism. This was the reason, unknown to Prof. Spruyt, why the theory of innate ideas was unanimously rejected by scholastic as well as by Reformed theologians.
Species aliorum intelligibilium non sunt ei innatae, sed essentia sua sibi innata est, ut non eam necesse habeat a phantasmatibus acquirere.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §67, p. 227.
The forms of other intelligible things are not innate in it [the mind] but each essence is, so that it does not have to acquire this essence from sense images.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §67, p. ???.
The forms of other intelligible things are not innate in it [the mind] but its own essence is, so that it does not have to acquire this essence from sense images.
Do wetenschap moge hem leeren dat er zonde is en genade; alleen door de religie wordt hij de zaligheid der vergeving en van het kindschap Gods deelachtig.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §76, p. 264.
Science may teach him that sin and grace exist, but it is only by religion that he takes part in the blessedness of religion and the sonship of God.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §76, p. ???.
Science may teach him that sin and grace exist, but it is only by religion that he takes part in the blessedness of forgiveness and the sonship of God.
De vraag, waartoe het wijsgeerig onderzoek ten slotte afdaalt, is deze: is de mensch van den aanvang af mensch, beeld Gods, Gode verwant, een godsdienstig wezen geweest, of heeft hij langzamerhand daartoe zich ontwikkeld ?
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §81, p. 289.
The question with which philosophical inquiry finally ends is this: Were humans human from the beginning, or did they gradually develop into, religious beings?
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §81, p. ???.
One part of the sentence is lost.
The question with which philosophical inquiry finally ends is this: Were humans from the beginning human, the image of God, akin to God, religious beings, or did they gradually develop into this?
... de godsdienst den mensch in verhouding stelt, niet tot de wereld of tot zijn medemensch, maar tot eene bovennatuurlijke, onzienlijke, eeuwige macht.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §82, p. 292.
... it puts human beings in relation, not to the world or their fellow human beings, but to a supernatural, invisible, external power.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §82, p. ???.
Typo.
it puts human beings in relation, not to the world or their fellow human beings, but to a supernatural, invisible, eternal power.
Verwant is daaraan de omschrijving, welke Schleiermacher in zijne Reden über die Religion van de openbaring gaf; gelijk voor den religieuzen mensch alles een wonder is, zoo is voor hem ook jede ursprüngliche und neue Mittheilung des Weltalls und seines innersten Lebens eene openbaring. Dezelfde opvatting keert in de Glaubenslehre terug. Het eigenaardige eener openbaring ligt niet in het natuurlijk of bovennatuurlijk karakter, dat ze draagt, maar in het nieuwe en oorspronkelijke, waarmede een persoon of eene gebeurtenis in de historie optreedt.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §83, p. 298.
Related to this is the definition Schleiermacher gave of revelation in his Speeches on Religion: just as for the religious person everything is a miracle, so for that person also “every original and new communication of the universe and of that person’s inmost life” is a revelation. The same view returns in the Christian Faith. The uniqueness of a revelation does not consist in its natural or supernatural character but in the newness or originality with which it appears in history.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §83, p. ???.
Related to this is the definition Schleiermacher gave of revelation in his Speeches on Religion: just as for the religious person everything is a miracle, so for that person also “every original and new communication of the universe and of its inmost life” is a revelation. The same view returns in the Christian Faith. The uniqueness of a revelation does not consist in its natural or supernatural character but in the newness or originality with which a person or an event appears in history.
wordt de bijzondere openbaring, waarop het Christendom berust, meer organisch opgevat en met de algemeene openbaring in natuur en geschiedenis, in hart en geweten inniger in verband gezet
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §83, p. 300.
Special revelation, which is the basis of Christianity, is more organically conceived and more intimately connected in heart and conscience with general revelation in nature and history
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §83, p. ???.
"In heart and conscience" refers to general revelation, not to the way it is connected with special revelation
Special revelation, which is the basis of Christianity, is more organically conceived and more intimately connected with general revelation in nature and history, in heart and conscience
De Christelijke theologie kwam er spoedig toe, om in de openharing, door de H. Schrift geleerd, eene gewichtige onderscheiding te maken.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §85, p. 311.
It was not long before Christian theology, instructed by Holy Scripture, made an important distinction in the matter of revelation.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §85, p. ???.
"Door de H. Schrift geleerd" refers to revelation, not to Christian theology.
It was not long before Christian theology made an important distinction in revelation, as taught by Holy Scripture.
De geschiedenis der godsdiensten toonde aan, dat geen enkele godsdienst aan de revelatio naturalis genoeg had.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §85, p. 316.
The history of religions demonstrated that a purely natural religion did not exist anywhere.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §85, p. ???.
Not quite exact.
The history of religions demonstrated that no religion was satisfied with natural revelation alone.
De Gereformeerden waren er nog beter aan toe door hunne leer van de gratia communis. Hierdoor werden zij eenerzijds voor de dwaling van het Pelagianisme behoed, dat de sufficientia der theol. naturalis leerde en de zaligheid verbond aan de onderhouding der lex naturae.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §88, p. 331.
The Reformed theologians were even better positioned to recognize this by their doctrine of common grace. By it they were protected, on the one hand, from the Pelagian error, which taught the sufficiency of natural theology and linked salvation to the sufficiency of natural theology.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §88, p. ???.
Not quite exact.
The Reformed theologians were even better positioned to recognize this by their doctrine of common grace. By it they were protected, on the one hand, from the Pelagian error, which taught the sufficiency of natural theology and linked salvation to the observance of the law of nature.
Wanneer God echter, gelijk natuur en Schrift beide leeren, een persoonlijk wezen is met zelfbewustzijn en zelfbepaling, dan kan de openbaring in eigenlijken zin, en voorts ook de openbaring in woord en daad, in waarheid en leven beide ten volle tot haar recht komen.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §97, p. 367.
But if God, as both nature and Scripture teach, is a personal being equipped with self-consciousness and self-determination, then revelation in a true sense, as well as revelation in word and deed, comes fully into its own in truth and life.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §97, p. ???.
"in truth and life" refers to revelation.
But if God, as both nature and Scripture teach, is a personal being equipped with self-consciousness and self-determination, then revelation in a true sense, as well as revelation in word and deed, in truth and life, comes fully into its own.
Andererzijds werd de bijzondere openbaring tegengesteld aan de geestelijke wonderen, de werken der genade, die voordurend plaats hebben in de kerk van Christus en dus geïsoleerd van de herschepping en de genade.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §98, p. 372.
On the other hand, special revelation was opposed to spiritual miracles, the works of grace, which happen continually in the church of Christ. Hence, on this view, they take place in isolation from re-creation and grace.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §98, p. ???.
"geïsoleerd" refers to special revelation.
On the other hand, special revelation was contrasted with spiritual miracles, the works of grace, which happen continually in the church of Christ, and thus [special revelation was seen as] isolated from re-creation and grace.
Tegen deze wereldbeschouwing, die tegen het einde der Middeleeuwen eenerzijds op onvrije gebondenheid en andererzijds opschaamtelooze losbandigheid van het natuurlijke uitliep, kwam de Reformatie in verzet.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §99, p. 377.
The Reformation revolted against this worldview, which toward the end of the Middle Ages ended on the one hand in a lack of freedom and on the other in licentiousness.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §99, p. ???.
The key word "natural" is missed in the translation.
The Reformation revolted against this worldview, which toward the end of the Middle Ages ended on the one hand in the suppression of the natural and on the other in its shameless licentiousness.
Niet de letter maar de Geest, niet de Schrift maar de persoon van Christus, niet het woord maar het feit is het principium der theologie.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §104, p. 401.
“Not the letter but the Spirit”; “not Scripture but the person of Christ”; “not the word but the fact is the fundamental principle of Scripture.”
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §104, p. ???.
It is the fundamental principle of theology, not of Scripture. More importantly, "the fundamental principle of theology" is linked with all the three pairs; so quotation marks and semicolons are rather misleading.
Not the letter but the Spirit, not Scripture but the person of Christ, not the word but the fact is the fundamental principle of theology.
non est necessarium, ut singulae veritates et sententiae sint immediate a Sp. S°. ipsi scriptori inspiratae.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §110, p. 429.
nor is it necessary that individual truths and sentences be immediately inspired by the Holy Spirit himself as author.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §110, p. ???.
scriptori refers to the human author.
nor is it necessary that individual truths and sentences be immediately inspired by the Holy Spirit to the biblical author.
Principium creditur propter se, non propter aliud. Principii principium haberi non potest nec quaeri debet.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §118, p. 484.
A first principle is believed on its own account, not on account of something else. Fundamental principles cannot have a first principle, neither ought they to be sought.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §118, p. ???.
What should not be sought is a first principle for fundamental principles, not fundamental principles themselves.
A first principle is believed on its own account, not on account of something else. Fundamental principles cannot have a first principle, neither ought it to be sought.
En eindelijk kan bij vele personen, bij de aartsvaders, Debora, de richters, de koningen, de vrienden van Job, Hanna, Agur, de moeder van Lemuel, de dichters van sommige psalmen, zooals de vloekpsalmen, Ps. 73:13, 14, 77:7—9, 116:11, en voorts bij Zacharia, Simeon, Maria, Stephanus enz. de vraag gesteld worden....
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §120, p. 485.
Finally, with respect to many persons—the patriarchs, Deborah, the judges, the kings, the friends of Job, Hannah, Agur, the mother of Lemuel, the composers of some of the psalms, like the imprecatory psalms (Ps. 73:13, 14; 77:7–9; 116:11), and further with respect to Zechariah, Simeon, Mary, Stephen, and others—one may raise the question...
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §120, p. ???.
Psalms 73, 77, and 116 are not classified as imprecatory psalms.
Finally, with respect to many persons—the patriarchs, Deborah, the judges, the kings, the friends of Job, Hannah, Agur, the mother of Lemuel, the composers of some of the psalms, like the imprecatory psalms as well as Ps. 73:13, 14; 77:7–9; 116:11, and further with respect to Zechariah, Simeon, Mary, Stephen, and others—one may raise the question...
Wie dit uit het oog verliest, vervalt tot rationalisme of mysticisme, en offert het object aan het subject op.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §131, p. 532.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §131, p. ???.
The translation omits this sentence.
Whoever loses sight of this, falls into rationalism or mysticism and sacrifices the object to the subject.
Maar ter andere zijde toonde Schleiermacher's Glaubenslehre toch, dat...
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §135, p. 551.
On the other hand, Schleiermacher’s doctrine of faith (Glaubenslehre) shows that...
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §135, p. ???, n. ???.
It's a book title.
On the other hand, Schleiermacher’s book The Christian Faith shows that...
En dat het Christendom dit doet, dat het de absolute religie is, dat wordt derhalve ook niet bewezen door het gezag der Schrift, maar alleen door de ervaring, dat het inderdaad onze behoeften vervult.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §139, p. 567.
It is because Christianity does this that it is the absolute religion, and this is established not by the authority of Scripture but only by the experience that it in fact meets our needs.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §139, p. ???.
The fact that Christianity does this, as well as the fact that it is the absolute religion, is established not by the authority of Scripture but only by the experience that it indeed meets our needs.
Sabatier bijv. acht, onder invloed van de beteekenis van het Fransche science, dat de grens tusschen natuur- en zedekundige wetenschappen doorloopt.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §146, p. 600.
Sabatier, for example, influenced as he is by the importance of French science, believes that the boundary between the natural and the moral sciences is continuous.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §146, p. ???.
Sabatier, for example, influenced as he is by the meaning of the French word "science", believes that the boundary lies between the natural and the moral sciences.
Albertus Magnus maakte onderscheid tusschen geloof in de philosophie en in de theologie. Daar is geloof niets anders dan credulitas en geen weg tot kennis.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §149, p. 616.
Albert the Great made a distinction between “faith” in philosophy and “faith” in theology. In the former “faith” is nothing more than “trustfulness” (credulitas) and not a way to knowledge.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §149, p. ???.
Credulitas has a negative connotation: an inclination to believe without sufficient proof.
Albert the Great made a distinction between “faith” in philosophy and “faith” in theology. In the former “faith” is nothing more than credulity and not a way to knowledge.
Het verschil loopt juist hierover, of en waar God zich geopenbaard heeft. De geloovige Christen zegt: in de Schrift of ook in de kerk.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §150, p. 623.
The disagreement concerns whether and where God has revealed himself. The believing Christian says “in Scripture” or “in the church.”
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §150, p. ???.
The disagreement concerns whether and where God has revealed himself. The believing Christian says “in Scripture” or “in Scripture and in the church.”
Niemand kan over God spreken, dan die uit en door Hem spreekt. Daarom kan ook alleen diezelfde Geest, die door profeten en apostelen heeft gesproken, in onze harten aan de waarheid getuigenis geven.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §152, p. 632.
No one can speak about God except those who speak from and through God. For that reason alone the same Spirit who spoke through the prophets and apostles can bear witness in our hearts to the truth.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §150, p. ???.
"alleen" refers to the Spirit.
No one can speak about God except those who speak from and through God. For that reason, only the same Spirit who spoke through the prophets and apostles can bear witness in our hearts to the truth.
De zedewet zelve is αὐτοπιστος, zij rust in zichzelve.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §152, p. 633.
The moral law is trustworthy in itself (αυτοπιστις): it rests in itself.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §152, p. ???.
αὐτοπιστος is an adjective; αὐτοπιστις is a noun.
The moral law is trustworthy in itself (αὐτοπιστος): it rests in itself.
Dit drievoudig getuigenis is één en van denzelfden Geest; uit de Schrift dringt het door de kerk in het hart van den individueelen geloovige door. Maar in elk van die drie vormen heeft het toch eene eigen beteekenis. Het getuigenis des H. Geestes in de Schrift is het motivum κυριον ad fidem seu principium, quo gignitur, vel argumentum propter quod, κανονικον και ἀναποδεικτον. Het getuigenis des H. Geestes in de kerk is het motivum alterum, seu instrumentum, per quod credimus, εἰσαγωγικον και ὑπουργικον. Het getuigenis des H. Geestes in het hart van den geloovige is de causa efficiens fidei, principium, a quo seu per quod credimus, ἀρχηγικον και ἐνεργητικον.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §154, p. 643-44.
This threefold testimony is one and from the same Spirit. From Scripture, through the church, it penetrates the heart of the individual believer. Still, in each of these three forms, it has a meaning of its own. The testimony of the Holy Spirit in Scripture is “the primary motive toward faith or the principle by which, or the argument on account of which, Scripture becomes regulative (κανονικον) and non-apodictic (ἀναποδεικτον).” The testimony of the Holy Spirit in the church is “the other motive or instrument through which we believe. It is introductory (εἰσαγωγικον) and supportive (ὑπουργικον).” The witness of the Holy Spirit in the heart of the believer is the “efficient cause of faith, the principle by which or through which we believe. It is originating (ἀρχηγικον) and effecting (ἐνεργητικον).”
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §154, p. ???.
The words "εἰσαγωγικον και ὑπουργικον" describe the principle, not what Scripture becomes.
This threefold testimony is one and from the same Spirit. From Scripture, through the church, it penetrates the heart of the individual believer. Still, in each of these three forms, it has a meaning of its own. The testimony of the Holy Spirit in Scripture is “the primary motive toward faith or the principle by which, or the argument on account of which, faith is generated. It is (κανονικον) and non-apodictic (ἀναποδεικτον).” The testimony of the Holy Spirit in the church is “the other motive or instrument through which we believe. It is introductory (εἰσαγωγικον) and supportive (ὑπουργικον).” The witness of the Holy Spirit in the heart of the believer is the “efficient cause of faith, the principle by which or through which we believe. It is originating (ἀρχηγικον) and effecting (ἐνεργητικον).”
Menno Simons velde over de kerk en hare dienaren, over studie en geleerdheid menigmaal een zeer streng oordeel.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §156, p. 648.
Menno Simons frequently leveled a scathing judgment at the church and its ministers concerning study and erudition.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §156, p. ???.
Menno Simons frequently leveled a scathing judgment on the church and its ministers, on study and learning.
De mogelijkheid zelfs om de waarheid te kennen, wordt aan de kerk ontnomen, wijl reeds de apostelen haar op een dwaalspoor hebben geleid.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §156, p. 651.
The church is deprived of the possibility even to know the truth, since the apostles already enter into the world on the wrong track.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §156, p. ???.
The church is deprived of the possibility even to know the truth, since the apostles themselves have already led her astray.
Augustinus had al gezegd: turbam non intelligendi vivacitas, sed credendi simplicitas tutissimam facit.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §158, p. 656.
Augustine had already said: “While the liveliness of understanding does not create confusion, the simplicity of believing renders things very safe.”
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §158, p. ???.
Augustine had already said: “It is not the liveliness of understanding but the simplicity of believing that makes the crowd safest.”
Zij luidt niet, welke waarheden iemand minstens kennen en voor waar houden moet, om zalig te worden. Die vraag zij aan Rome overgelaten; en de Roomsche theologie make uit, of daartoe twee of vier of meer artikelen van noode zijn.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §159, p. 660.
It should not be: what is the minimum of truths a person must know and hold as true to be saved? Leave that question to Rome, and let Catholic theology decide whether to that end two or four articles are needed.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §159, p. ???.
It should not be: what is the minimum of truths a person must know and hold as true to be saved? Leave that question to Rome, and let Catholic theology decide whether to that end two or four or more articles are needed.
Het geloof is het begin en ook het einde der theologie; zij brengt het nooit tot een weten in eigenlijken zin.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 1, 2e druk, 1906. §159, p. 661.
Faith is the beginning as well as the end of theology; it never becomes knowing in the strict sense.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 1, 2003. §159, p. ???.
"Zij" refers to theology, not to faith.
Faith is the beginning as well as the end of theology; the latter never attains to knowledge in the strict sense.

Deel 2 (Volume 2)

Maar deze evolutionistische voorstelling laat aan de feiten der Schiift geen recht wedervaren en acht in de leer van God elementen onvereenigbaar, die er naar het getuigenis der Schrift alle wezenlijk toe behooren.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §161, p. 4.
This evolutionistic representation, however, fails to do justice to the facts of Scripture and is incompatible with a number of elements that, according to the witness of Scripture, are integral to the doctrine of God.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §161, p. ???.
This evolutionistic representation, however, fails to do justice to the facts of Scripture and regards as incompatible a number of elements that, according to the witness of Scripture, all essentially belong together.
Erigena, de div. nat.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §162, p. 4, n. 2.
Erigena, The Divine Nature.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §161, p. ???.
Must be corrected here and elsewhere.
Erigena, The Division of Nature (Periphyseon).
Volgens Socrates zou Eunomius, een volgeling van Arius, geleerd hebben, dat Hij God evengoed kende als zichzelven. Gods wezen bestond volgens hem alleen in de ἀγεννησια, en daarin had hij van het Goddelijk wezen een klaar, duidelijk, adaequaat begrip.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §166, p. 23.
According to Socrates Scholasticus, Eunominus, a follower of Arius, is said to have taught that he knew God equally well as himself. God’s being, according to him, consisted solely in his “uncreatedness” (ἀγεννησια), and this idea gave him a clear, distinct, and fully adequate concept of the divine being.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §166, p. ???.
According to Socrates Scholasticus, Eunominus, a follower of Arius, is said to have taught that he knew God equally well as himself. God’s being, according to him, consisted solely in his “unbegottenness” (ἀγεννησια), and this idea gave him a clear, distinct, and fully adequate concept of the divine being.
Augustinus, de doctr. Christ. I 6. de trin. VIII 2. Epist. ad Bonsent.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §166, p. 28, n. 1.
Augustine, On Christian Doctrine, I, 6; idem, The Trinity, VIII, 2; idem, Epistle ad Consent.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §166, p. ???.
The English translation rightly corrects Bavinck's typo, but it's Consentius, not Consent. And it should be either in Latin or in English: "Epistola ad" or "Epistle to".
Augustine, On Christian Doctrine, I, 6; idem, The Trinity, VIII, 2; idem, Epistle to Consentius.
Ursinus zegt, dat God zich aan den mensch openbaart cura notitiis de se menti hominum impressis, tum creaturis omnibus tanquam speculis et documentis suae divinitatis propositis.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §169, p. 43.
Ursinus writes that God reveals himself to humans “not only by notions about themselves impressed upon their mind, but also by way of all created things displayed as so many mirrors and documents of his divinity.”
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §169, p. ???.
Ursinus writes that God reveals himself to humans “not only by notions about himself impressed upon their mind, but also by way of all created things displayed as so many mirrors and documents of his divinity.”
Augustinus, de lib. arb.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §173, p. 55, n. 2.
Augustine, Bondage of the Will.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §173, p. ???.
Bondage of the Will is Luther's work. Here this work is meant: De libero arbitrio (On Free Choice of the Will).
Augustine, On Free Choice of the Will.
[Calvijn] erkent dan terstond weer, dat het semen religionis, schoon allen onuitroeibaar ingeplant, toch verstikt worden kan en geen goede vrucht kan voortbrengen.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §173, p. 56-57.
he immediately reminds us that this “seed of religion,” though ineradicably implanted in all humans, can be choked and cannot bear good fruit.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §173, p. ???.
The translation is too strong, suggesting that the seed of religion can never bear good fruit.
he immediately reminds us that this “seed of religion,” though ineradicably implanted in all humans, can be choked and fail to bear good fruit.
Het moreele argument, dat ook op onderscheidene wijzen wordt voorgesteld, heeft vooral door Kant eene groote beteekenis verkregen en doet tegenwoordig vooral in dien zin dienst, dat de zelfstandigheid des geestes tegenover de natuur, die in heel de cultuur en vooral in het zedelijke bewustzijn en leven aan het licht treedt, het bestaan hetzij alleen van eene zedelijke wereldorde, hetzij ook van een persoonlijk God, bewijst.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §173, p. 59.
The moral argument, which is also presented in a variety of forms, has gained great significance especially as a result of the work of Kant. At present it is framed especially in the following form: from the autonomy of mind vis-à-vis nature—an autonomy that is manifest throughout human culture, particularly in the moral consciousness and life of humans—proceeds the existence either of a moral world order or of a personal God.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §173, p. ???.
The moral argument, which is also presented in a variety of forms, has gained great significance especially as a result of the work of Kant. At present it is framed especially in the following form: from the autonomy of mind vis-à-vis nature—an autonomy that is manifest throughout human culture, particularly in the moral consciousness and life of humans—proceeds the existence either of a moral world order or also of a personal God.
... dat onze kennis van God desniettemin toch waar en zuiver en betrouwbaar is, wijl zij het zelfbewustzijn Gods tot archetype en zijne zelfopenbaring in den kosmos tot grondslag heeft.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §180, p. 90.
Finally, our knowledge of God is nevertheless true, pure, and trustworthy because it has for its foundation God’s self-consciousness, its archetype, and his self-revelation in the cosmos.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §180, p. ???.
Finally, our knowledge of God is nevertheless true, pure, and trustworthy because it has God’s self-consciousness as its archetype and His self-revelation in the cosmos as its foundation.
De eigenschappen, die dan daarna in behandeling komen en alle Gods verhouding tot de wereld doen kennen, worden weder verschillend ingedeeld, in eigenschappen van verstand en wil, waaraan Hase nog die van het gevoel toevoegt, of in intellectueele, ethische en dynamische, of in physische en moreele, en ook wel alle onder den naam van psychologische eigenschappen of eigenschappen der heilige liefde samengevat.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §186, p. 118.
The attributes that follow and describe God’s relation to the world are again arranged in different ways: attributes of intellect and will (to which Hase adds that of feeling); or intellectual, ethical, and dynamic attributes; or physical and moral attributes, also known as psychological attributes or as the attributes of holy love.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §186, p. ???.
The translation implies that only moral attributes are known as psychological ones, which is not what Bavinck says.
The attributes that follow and describe God’s relation to the world are again arranged in different ways: attributes of intellect and will (to which Hase adds that of feeling); or intellectual, ethical, and dynamic attributes; or physical and moral attributes; and sometimes all are summarized under the name of psychological attributes or attributes of holy love.
Maar zakelijk komen ze zeer nauw met elkaar overeen. Of men spreekt van negatieve en positieve, onmededeelbare en mededeelbare, quiescente en operatieve, absolute en relatieve, metaphysische en psychologische, van eigenschappen van de substantie en van het subject, buiten en in verhouding tot de wereld en den mensch, feitelijk geeft men toch steeds dezelfde orde aan, waarin de eigenschappen worden behandeld.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §187, p. 119.
Whether people speak of negative and positive, incommunicable and communicable, quiescent and operative, absolute and relative, metaphysical and psychological attributes, of attributes of the substance and subject apart from or in relation to the universe and humankind, actually they consistently refer to the same order in which the attributes are treated.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §187, p. ???.
The missing comma is rather important.
Whether people speak of negative and positive, incommunicable and communicable, quiescent and operative, absolute and relative, metaphysical and psychological attributes, of attributes of the substance and of the subject, of attributes apart from or in relation to the universe and humankind, actually they consistently refer to the same order in which the attributes are treated.
Augustinus, de lib. arb.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §193, p. 142, n. 5.
Augustine, On Grace and Free Will.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §193, p. ???.
On Grace and Free Will is De gratia et libero arbitrio. Here Bavinck refers to a different work.
Augustine, On Free Choice of the Will.
De Remonstranten waren van hetzelfde gevoelen. In hun Apol. Conf. cap. 2 zeiden zij...
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §197, p. 168.
The Remonstrants were of the same opinion. In the second chapter of their Confession they said that...
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §197, p. ???.
Throughout RD, Bavinck often refers to Apol. Conf. (Apologia pro Confessione), a work written in 1629 by Simon Episcopius in defense of the Confessio Remonstrantium (1621). In both the main text and footnotes of the English edition, Apol. Conf. is sometimes translated as Apology of the Augsburg Confession (e.g., in §§266, 289, 519), sometimes as the Remonstrant Confession (as here), and sometimes simply as "*Apol. Conf." (as in §216), with an asterisk indicating that the source is unknown. All of this needs to be corrected.
The Remonstrants were of the same opinion. In the second chapter of their Apology they said that...
Zij is wezenlijk onderscheiden van de philosophische idee van το ὀν, το ἑν, το μοναχον, το ἁπλουν of van de substantie, van het absolute enz., waarmede Xenophanes, Plato, Philo, Plotinus en later Spinoza en Hegel God aanduiden.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §197, p. 169.
It is essentially distinct from the philosophical idea of absolute being, the One, the only One, the Absolute, or substance, terms by which Xenophanes, Plato, Philo, Plotinus, and later Spinoza and Hegel designated God.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §197, p. ???.
To translate το ὀν as "absolute being" is acceptable, but the choice of "the Absolute" as the translation of "το ἁπλουν" is questionable.
It is essentially distinct from the philosophical idea of the Being, the One, the only One, the Simple, or substance, terms by which Xenophanes, Plato, Philo, Plotinus, and later Spinoza and Hegel designated God.
En nu is het Goddelijk wezen niet samengesteld uit drie personen, noch ook iedere persoon samengesteld uit het wezen en de proprietas personalis; maar het ééne zelfde eenvoudige wezen bestaat in de drie personen, iedere persoon of personeele eigenschap is van het wezen niet re maar alleen ratione onderscheiden.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §197, p. 171.
Now, the divine being is not composed of three persons, nor is each person composed of the being and personal attributes of that person, but the one uncompounded (simple) being exists in three persons. Every person or personal attribute is not distinguishable in respect of essence but only in respect of reason.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §197, p. ???.
Bavinck does not speak about how the persons are distinct from each other, but how each of them is distinct from the essence.
Now, the divine being is not composed of three persons, nor is each person composed of the being and personal attributes of that person, but the one uncompounded (simple) being exists in three persons. Every person or personal attribute is not really but only conceptually distinct from the essence.
Zoo nu is er ook een wil in God. Zijn willen is niet een streven naar een goed, dat Hij missen zou en zonder hetwelk Hij niet zalig kan zijn.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §207, p. 231.
Now, in that sense there is also a will in God. His willing is not a striving for a good but an actual possession without which he would lack something and not be truly blessed.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §207, p. ???.
Now, in that sense there is also a will in God. His willing is not a striving for a good that He would lack and without which he could not be truly blessed.
De schepping is dus niet te denken als een object, dat buiten en tegenover Hem staat, dat Hij mist en waarnaar Hij streeft om het te bezitten, of waardoor Hij iets hoopt te verkrijgen, wat Hij niet heeft.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §207, p. 232.
The creation, accordingly, is not to be conceived as an object existing outside of or over against him, which he lacks and strives to possess, or as something he hopes to gain, which he does not possess.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §207, p. ???.
The creation, accordingly, is not to be conceived as an object existing outside of or over against him, which he lacks and strives to possess, or through which He hopes to gain something He does not possess.
De scientia simplicis intelligentiae ging logisch aan de scientia visionis vooraf.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §208, p. 238.
The “knowledge of simple intelligence” preceded the “knowledge of vision.”
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §208, p. ???.
The missing word "logically" is rather important.
The “knowledge of simple intelligence” logically preceded the “knowledge of vision.”
Substantia en essentia liet zich in het Latijn niet zoo onderscheiden als ὑποστασις en οὐσια in het Grieksch. Men kon in het Latijn niet spreken van una essentia en tres substantiae. Veeleer was substantia gelijk het Grieksche οὐσια, en essentia klonk in de Latijnsche ooren altijd nog vreemd en ongewoon.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §222, p. 304.
The Latin words substantia and essentia are not strictly parallel to the Greek words ὑποστασις and οὐσια. In Latin one cannot speak of the una essentia and the tres substantiae. Substantia, rather than essentia, is the Latin equivalent of the Greek word οὐσια, and essentia still sounded strange and unusual to Latin ears.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §222, p. ???.
"Veeleer" does not compare substantia with essentia as possible translations of οὐσια, but indicates that substantia, rather than being an equivalent of ὑποστασις, was in fact closer to οὐσια.
The Latin words substantia and essentia are not strictly parallel to the Greek words ὑποστασις and οὐσια. In Latin one cannot speak of the una essentia and the tres substantiae. Substantia was closer to the Greek word οὐσια, and essentia still sounded strange and unusual to Latin ears.
Zelfs de definitie van Boëthius past veelmeer in de leer van Christus dan in die der triniteit. Dit is ook altijd door de degelijkste theologen gevoeld. Richard van St. Victor bestreed deze definitie, omdat ze sprak van individua substantia en omschreef persoon daarom als divinae naturae incommunicabilis existentia.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §223, p. 309.
Even Boethius’s definition fits much better in the doctrine of Christ than in that of the Trinity. The most solid theologians of the past have always sensed this. Richard of St. Victor rejected this definition because it speaks of “individual substance” and therefore defines “person” as “the incommunicable existence of the divine nature.”
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §223, p. ???.
"Divinae naturae incommunicabilis existentia" is Richard of St. Victor's definition. This makes clear that "omschreef" refers to him rather than to Boethius’s definition.
Even Boethius’s definition fits much better in the doctrine of Christ than in that of the Trinity. The most solid theologians of the past have always sensed this. Richard of St. Victor rejected this definition because it speaks of “individual substance” and therefore defined “person” as “the incommunicable existence of the divine nature.”
En dienovereenkomstig zeide de latere theologie, dat wezen en persoon niet re maar ratione verschilden, echter niet ratione ratiocinante, d. i. rationaliter, nominaliter, gelijk Sabellius meende, maar ratione ratiocinata.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §224, p. 311.
Later theology, accordingly, asserted that “being” and “person” did not differ essentially but “in reason,” not, however, in mere reasoning, that is, rationally, or nominally, as Sabellius believed, but in objective rational analysis.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §224, p. ???.
"ratione ratiocinante" = “by the reasoning reason” - that is, concerning the one who is reasoning. "ratione ratiocinata" = “by the reasoned reason”, that is, concerning that which is reasoned.
Later theology, accordingly, asserted that “being” and “person” did not differ essentially but “in reason,” not, however, concerning the reasoning reason, that is, rationally, or nominally, as Sabellius believed, but concerning the reasoned reason.
Vader, Zoon en Geest zijn alzoo onderscheidene subjecten in het ééne en zelfde Goddelijke wezen. En als zoodanig dragen zij dan ook verschillende namen, hebben zij bijzondere personeele eigenschappen en treden zij altijd op in eene zekere vaste orde, zoowel ad intra als ad extra.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §224, p. 312.
The Father, the Son, and the Spirit, accordingly, are distinct subjects in the one divine essence. As such they bear different names, have distinct personal properties, and always appear in a certain order, but in their “inward” and “outward” relations.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §224, p. ???.
Typo?
The Father, the Son, and the Spirit, accordingly, are distinct subjects in the one divine essence. As such they bear different names, have distinct personal properties, and always appear in a certain order, both in their “inward” and “outward” relations.
Om deze relatie van den Vader tot den Zoon en tevens tot den H. Geest werd de Vader dikwerf genoemd αὐτογενης, αὐτογενητος, αὐτοφυης, ἀποιητος, ἀναρχος, principii expers, sui ipse origo, suae causa substantiae, sui principium
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §224, p. 312.
In virtue of this relation to the Son and his relation to the Spirit, the Father was often called “self-born” (αὐτογενης), “self-generated” (αὐτογενητος), “uncreated” (αὐτοφυης), “without beginning” (ἀποιητος), “self-originated” (ἀναρχος), “the ground of his own substance,” “self-caused”.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §224, p. ???.
αὐτοφυης is not “uncreated”, but rather "born of himself".
ἀποιητος is not “without beginning”, but rather "not made".
ἀναρχος is not “self-originated”, but rather “without beginning”.
The translation of the Latin phrases can be nuanced, but is acceptable.
In virtue of this relation to the Son and his relation to the Spirit, the Father was often called “self-born” (αὐτογενης), “self-generated” (αὐτογενητος), “born of himself” (αὐτοφυης), “not made” (ἀποιητος), “without beginning” (ἀναρχος), “the ground of his own substance,” “self-caused”.
Kant vond volgens Hegel, als bij instinct de tripliciteit terug en schematiseerde daarnaar de organen der kennis, de vermogens der ziel, de categorieën, de ideeën der rede enz.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §230, p. 335.
Kant, said Hegel, as if by instinct rediscovered triplicity and, based on it, produced a threefold scheme for the organs of knowledge: the faculties of the soul, the categories, and the ideas.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §230, p. ???.
The colon indicates that (a) the faculties of the soul, (b) the categories, and (c) the ideas are subdivisions of the organs of knowledge and exemplify a threefold scheme. But the text says that Kant used a threefold scheme while discussing different subjects: the organs of knowledge, the faculties of the soul, the categories, the ideas of reason, and so on.
Kant, said Hegel, as if by instinct rediscovered triplicity and, based on it, schematized accordingly the organs of knowledge, the faculties of the soul, the categories, the ideas of reason, and so on.
Maar inzonderheid Augustinus vond in den inwendigen, redelijken mensch duidelijke sporen van de triniteit. En hij vond ze op verschillende wijze en in verschillende richting... Vervolgens ontdekte hij er sporen van in de vermogens der ziel, bepaaldelijk in de zinnelijke waarneming, die tot stand komt door een voorwerp, ipsa res, door een beeld daarvan in het oog, visio, en de intentio animi, welke het zintuig op het voorwerp richt.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §230, p. 336.
It was especially Augustine, however, who in various ways and perspectives found the clear imprints of the Trinity in human consciousness and reason... Next he discovered traces of it in the faculties of the soul, specifically in (1) sense perception, which arises in response to an object; (2) the thing itself; (3) through an image of it in the eye and the intention of the will, which directs the sense toward the object.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §230, p. ???.
The translation does not identify the three points correctly.
It was especially Augustine, however, who in various ways and perspectives found the clear imprints of the Trinity in human consciousness and reason... Next he discovered traces of it in the faculties of the soul, specifically in sense perception, which arises (1) through the object itself; (2) through an image of it in the eye, and (3) through the intention of the will, which directs the sense toward the object.
Doch in de supralapsarische orde wordt de verkiezing der gemeente losgemaakt van die van Christus en van deze gescheiden door het besluit van schepping en val. Aan dat bezwaar trachtte Comrie tegemoet te komen, en hij leerde daarom, dat de verkorenen vóór het besluit van schepping en val verkoren zijn tot vereeniging met den Christus... En zoo plaatste hij beider verkiezing vóór het besluit der schepping en van den val.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §238, p. 377.
But in the supralapsarian scheme the election of the church was separated from that of Christ by the (two) decrees of creation and fall. Comrie, however, tried to obviate this objection by teaching that the elect are chosen to union with Christ before the decree of creation and fall... And so he placed the election of both prior to the decree of creation and fall.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §238, p. ???.
For some reason, the first instance of ‘het besluit van schepping en val’ is translated in the plural (‘the (two) decrees’), which is misleading, especially since the same phrase is used three times in the same paragraph.
But in the supralapsarian scheme the election of the church was separated from that of Christ by the decree of creation and fall. Comrie, however, tried to obviate this objection by teaching that the elect are chosen to union with Christ before the decree of creation and fall... And so he placed the election of both prior to the decree of creation and fall.
Verder bepaalde de synode er zich toe, om tegen het gebruik van harde uitdrukkingen (die echter niet met name werden genoemd) en quae ejus generis sunt alia plurima te waarschuwen, en in eene latere zitting aan Maccovius eene ernstige berisping toe te dienen over de wijze van zijn optreden.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §238, p. 378-79.
The Synod, furthermore, confined itself to warning against the use of harsh expressions (without, however, mentioning any of them specifically) and “many other things of the same kind,” and at a later session warned against administering a strong reprimand to Maccovius for the way he had conducted himself.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §238, p. ???.
The second part reverses the meaning: the original text says the Synod did administer a reprimand, not that it warned against doing so.
The Synod, furthermore, confined itself to warning against the use of harsh expressions (without, however, mentioning any of them specifically) and “many other things of the same kind,” and to administering a strong reprimand to Maccovius for the way he had conducted himself.
Praedestinatio est constitutio finis et ordinatio mediorum ad linem
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §245, p. 405.
Predestination is the disposition, end, and ordering of a means to an end.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §245, p. ???.
Predestination is the determination of the end and the ordering of the means toward that end.
En daartegenover leert nu de schepping uit niets de absolute souvereiniteit Gods, zijne volstrekte onafhankelijkheid.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §254, p. 440.
Over against this view, the doctrine of creation out of nothing teaches the absolute sovereignty of God and man’s absolute dependence.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §254, p. ???.
Over against this view, the doctrine of creation out of nothing teaches the absolute sovereignty of God and his complete independence.
Het schepsel heeft geene zelfstandigheid buiten en tegenover God, gelijk de schepping van een kunstenaar.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §258, p. 459.
A creature, like the creation of an artist, has no independence apart from, and in opposition to, God.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §258, p. ???.
The “like” in the translation makes it seem as if a creature is like an artist’s creation, implying similarity in (in)dependence, which is the opposite of the intended meaning.
A creature has no independence apart from, and in opposition to, God, like a creation has from its author.
De wisseling van licht en donker, van dag en nacht kon eerst met de schepping van het licht een aanvang nemen; eerst nadat het licht was geweest, kon het avond en daarna weer morgen worden, en met dezen morgen eindigde de eerste dag, want Gen. 1 rekent den dag van morgen tot morgen.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §269, p. 507.
The alternation of light and darkness could only begin with the creation of light. Only after it had been light could it again be evening and the morning, and with this morning the first day ended, for Genesis 1 calculates the day from evening to morning.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §258, p. ???.
One phrase is missing, the other two are translated inaccurately.
The alternation of light and darkness, of day and night, could only begin with the creation of light. Only after it had been light could it be evening and then morning again, and with this morning the first day ended, for Genesis 1 calculates the day from morning to morning.
Als hoofdbewijs voor deze theorie gold de waarneming, dat alle planeten, groot of klein, zich in dezelfde richting om de zon bewegen en hare wachters eveneens.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §272, p. 518.
The main “evidence” for this theory was the observation that all planets, both large and small, moved in the same direction around the sun and its satellites.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §272, p. ???.
Even though grammatically “hare” seems to refer to the sun, it's clear that Bavinck means satellites of planets.
The main evidence for this theory was the observation that all planets, both large and small, moved in the same direction around the sun, and their satellites as well.
Maar vader van de concordistische theorie is de abt Jerusalem geweest.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §274, p. 524.
But the father of the concordistic theory is the abbot of Jerusalem.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §274, p. ???.
It's Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem. His nickname “Abt Jerusalem” reflects his position as abbot of the Riddagshausen Abbey.
But the father of the concordistic theory is Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem.
Ofschoon de corcordistische theorie desniettemin nog door velen voorgestaan wordt, hebben anderen haar geheel laten varen, echter niet, om tot de vroeger aangenomene, historische opvatting terug te keeren, maar integendeel, om tot de ideale, visionaire of ook mythische theorie voort te schrijden. Hiertegen verheffen zich echter nog gewichtiger bedenkingen dan tegen de concordistische theorie.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §276, p. 531-32.
And although despite this objection the concordistic theory is still being advocated by many scholars, others have completely abandoned it, not indeed to return to the historical view accepted earlier, but on the contrary to move on to the ideal, visionary, or even mystical theory.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §276, p. ???.
mythische is not mystical. The second sentence is missing in the English translation.
And although despite this objection the concordistic theory is still being advocated by many scholars, others have completely abandoned it, not indeed to return to the historical view accepted earlier, but on the contrary to move on to the ideal, visionary, or even mythical theory. Against this, however, even weightier objections arise than against the concordistic theory.
Geheel in tegenspraak met Darwins theorie zijn de morphologische eigenschappen het minst en de physiologische het meest variabel.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §280, p. 552.
Totally contrary to Darwin’s theory, morphological properties are the most variable.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §280, p. ???.
The translation reverses the meaning.
Totally contrary to Darwin’s theory, morphological properties are the least variable, and physiological the most variable.
Veeleer is er grond om te gelooven, dat zij, van de menschheid afgezonderd, allengs vervallen zijn tot een staat van barbaarschheid. Geen dier volken toch heeft zich alleen door eigen middelen uit dien toestand kunnen opheffen.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §286, p. 572.
There is greater reason to believe that, being isolated from humanity, they gradually declined into a state of barbarism.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §286, p. ???.
The second sentence is missing in the translation.
There is greater reason to believe that, being isolated from humanity, they gradually declined into a state of barbarism. For no peoples, after all, have been able to lift themselves out of that condition by their own means .
Het verhaal in Genesis over de eerste menschen is zeer eenvoudig, maar de toestand dier eerste menschen is niet die van eenvoudige, onnoozele kinderen, maar van volwassen, welbewuste en vrijhandelende wezens.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §286, p. 573.
The Genesis account of the first humans is very simple, but their state was that of full-grown, aware, freely acting agents.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §286, p. ???.
The Genesis account of the first humans is very simple, but their state was not that of simple, naive children, but of full-grown, aware, freely acting agents.
Volgens hen werd de mensch eerst geschapen met de justitia originalis; door deze werd hij in staat gesteld, om de gratia gratum faciens ex congruo te verdienen ; en als hij deze ontvangen had, kon hij daardoor de hemelsche zaligheid ex condigno verwerven. Maar Thomas had daartegen bezwaar, omdat de gratia gratum faciens dan ook op verdiensten rustte, als eene persoonlijke gave aan Adam niet door hem voor al zijne nakomelingen had kunnen verloren of verworven worden, en dan ook niet in den doop aan kleine kinderen zonder verdienste kon geschonken worden.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §287, p. 578.
According to them, man was first created with “original righteousness” (iustitia originalis), which enabled him to earn the grace which makes acceptable by a merit of congruity (gratia gratum faciens ex congruo); and having received the latter, he could by it gain heavenly blessedness ex condigno, a condigned or full merit. But Thomas objected to this idea, because in that case the gratia gratum faciens was also grounded on merits if a personal gift to Adam could not have been lost or acquired for all his descendants and could not then be bestowed without merit on small children in baptism.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §286, p. ???.
"Ex congrue" does not refer to gratia gratum faciens, but to the way man can merit it.
Similarly, "ex condigno" refers to how heavenly blessedness is gained.

Further, "als" is mistranslated as "if" rather than "as", and the whole idea and the sentence's structure are lost.
According to them, man was first created with “original righteousness” (iustitia originalis), which enabled him to earn - through a merit of congruity (ex congruo) - the grace which makes acceptable (gratia gratum faciens ex congruo); and having received the latter, he could thereby - through a condigned or full merit (ex condigno) - gain heavenly blessedness. But Thomas objected to this idea, because in that case, first, gratia gratum faciens would then also rest on merit, second, as a personal gift to Adam, this grace could not then have been lost or acquired for all his descendants, and, third, it could not then be bestowed without merit on small children in baptism.
De Hervormers beweerden het eerste.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §290, p. 591.
Reformed theologians asserted the former.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §290, p. ???.
Bavinck contrasts Rome and the Reformation. De Hervormers refers to Reformation theologians, not specifically Reformed ones.
The Reformers asserted the former.
Hij maakt niet alleen onderscheid tusschen substantie, essentie eenerzijds en accidens, qualitas andererzijds, maar...
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §290, p. 592-93, n. 3.
He not only distinguishes substance and essence on the one hand from attributes (accidens) and on the other from qualities (qualitas), but...
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §290, p. ???.
He not only distinguishes substance and essence on the one hand from accident and quality on the other, but...
Gelijk de Vader aan den Zoon en den Geest het leven geeft en de Geest van den Vader uitgaat door den Zoon, zoo is het ook in den mensch het hart, de memoria, het diepe, verborgene zieleleven, dat aan intellectus en voluntas het aanzijn schenkt en bepaaldelijk ook den wil in orde doet volgen op het verstand.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §291, p. 599, n. 3.
Just as the Father gives life to the Son and the Spirit, and the Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son, so in human beings it is the heart (memoria), the deep, hidden life of the psyche, which gives birth and being to the intellect and the will, and specifically places the will second in order to the intellect.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §291, p. ???.
Just as the Father gives life to the Son and the Spirit, and the Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son, so in human beings it is the heart (memoria), the deep, hidden life of the psyche, which gives birth and being to the intellect and the will, and specifically causes the will to follow the intellect.
rustdag en werkdagen waren dus ook vóór den val onderscheiden, het religieuze leven eischte ook toen een eigen vorm en dienst en dag naast het leven der cultuur
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §297, p. 618.
A day of rest and days of labor were therefore also distinct before the fall. Then, too, the religious life required a form and service of its own alongside the life of culture.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §297, p. ???.
The omitted word is quite important in this context.
A day of rest and days of labor were therefore also distinct before the fall. Then, too, the religious life required a form, service, and day of its own alongside the life of culture.
Zonder de zonde zou de ontwikkeling der menschheid en de geschiedenis der aarde eene gansch andere zijn geweest, al is het ook, dat wij ons daarvan geen voorstelling kunnen maken. Maar toch is andererzijds de status integritatis niet te vereenzelvigen met den status gloriae; uit dezen mag niet tot genen worden besloten.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §297, p. 620.
Without sin the development of humanity and the history of the earth would have been very different—though still unimaginable. Still, on the other hand, the state of integrity cannot be equated with the state of glory. We may not draw conclusions from the former for the conditions of the latter.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §297, p. ???.
The other way round.
Without sin the development of humanity and the history of the earth would have been very different—though still unimaginable. Still, on the other hand, the state of integrity cannot be equated with the state of glory. We may not draw conclusions from the latter for the conditions of the former.
Het traducianisme verklaart noch den oorsprong der ziel noch de overerving der zonde. Wat het eerste aangaat, moet het óf komen tot de leer, dat de ziel van het kind reeds te voren in de ouders en voorouders bestond, dus tot eene soort van praeëxistentianisme; óf dat de ziel potentiëel in het zaad van man of vrouw of van beide begrepen is, d. i. tot materialisme; óf dat ze door de ouders op eene of andere wijze voortgebracht wordt, d. i. tot creatie, nu niet door God maar door den mensch.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §299, p. 627.
Traducianism neither explains the origin of the soul nor the hereditary transmission of sin. As for the first difficulty, there are two possibilities: the first is to end with the theory that the soul of the child already existed in the parents and their ancestors—hence to a kind of belief in preexistence—or that the soul was potentially present in the seed of the man or the woman or in both (i.e., to come up with a materialist view). The second is that the parents themselves somehow produced it (i.e., to a creationist view), with the human agent in the place of God.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §297, p. ???.
Bavinck describes three options, not two.
Traducianism neither explains the origin of the soul nor the hereditary transmission of sin. As for the first difficulty, there are three possibilities: the first is to come to the theory that the soul of the child already existed in the parents and their ancestors—hence to come to a kind of belief in preexistence; the second is to teach that the soul was potentially present in the seed of the man or the woman or in both (i.e., to come to a materialist view); the third is to argue that the parents themselves somehow produced it (i.e., to come to creation - but creation by man rather than by God).
creando, zei reeds Lombardus, infundit eas Deus et infundendo creat.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §299, p. 630.
by creating, said Lombard already, God influenced them and by influencing creates them.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §299, p. ???.
The context makes it clear that Bavinck discusses the infusion of souls.
by creating, said Lombard already, God infuses them and by infusing creates.
En zoo had Adam voor zijne nakomelingen niets hoogers te verwerven; hij had alleen over te leveren wat hij had.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §300, p. 633.
Thus Adam did not have to gain anything higher for his descendants.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §300, p. ???.
The second part is missing.
Thus Adam did not have to gain anything higher for his descendants; he only had to pass on what he himself possessed.
Schepping en onderhouding zijn dus niet objectief en zakelijk, als daden Gods, in Gods wezen, maar alleen ratione onderscheiden. Dat wil echter niet zeggen, dat ons denken zoo maar willekeurig tusschen beide onderscheid maakt.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §304, p. 655.
Creation and preservation, accordingly, are not objectively and materially distinct as acts of God in God’s being, but only in reason. But that understanding is not to say that the distinction is arbitrary and only exists in our mind.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §304, p. ???.
The translation is not precise and suggests that Bavinck first affirms that the distinction exists only in our reason/mind and then denies it.
Creation and preservation, accordingly, are not objectively and materially distinct as acts of God in God’s being, but only in reason. That does not mean, however, that our thinking draws a distinction between the two arbitrarily.
Maar desniettemin was het constante leer der Christelijke kerk dat de tweede oorzaken wel geheel en al van de eerste oorzaak dependent, maar tegelijk toch ook ware, wezenlijke oorzaken zijn.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 2, 2e druk, 1908. §305, p. 663.
The constant teaching of the Christian church, nevertheless, has been that the two causes, though they are totally dependent on the primary cause, are at the same time also true and essential causes.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 2, 2004. §305, p. ???.
Bavinck repeatedly speaks of "de tweede oorzaken" in this paragraph, and this term is normally translated correctly: "secondary causes". Only in this sentence the translator for some reason chose "the two causes", which is incorrect.
The constant teaching of the Christian church, nevertheless, has been that the secondary causes, though they are totally dependent on the primary cause, are at the same time also true and essential causes.

Deel 3 (Volume 3)

Bij Tennant komt dit zeer sterk daarin uit, dat hij aan den door langzame ontwikkeling uit het dier ontstanen mensch toch weer, in zeer indeterministischen zin, een vrijen wil toeschrijf.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §311, p. 29.
In the case of Tennant, this is very clearly evidenced in the fact that, in a most deterministic sense, he again attributes to the human being, who slowly evolved from the animal world, a free will.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §311, p. ???.
"Zeer indeterministische" must be "most indeterministic".
In the case of Tennant, this is very clearly evidenced in the fact that, in a most indeterministic sense, he again attributes to the human being, who slowly evolved from the animal world, a free will.
Als Paulus spreekt van de zonde als eene macht, die in de wereld ingekomen is en heerst, dan gebruikt hij the language of figure
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §320, p. 79, n.2.
Where Paul speaks of sin as a power that has come into the world and rules, Tennant uses the language of figure
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §320, p. ???.
"Hij" refers to Paul, not to Tennant.
According to Tennant, when Paul speaks of sin as a power that has come into the world and rules, he uses the language of figure
zij is zelfs een peccatum voluntarium, quia ex primi hominis mala voluntate contractum, factum est quodam modo haereditarium
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §321, p. 82.
it is even a voluntary sin because, contracted by an evil will from the first man, it was done in some hereditary fashion
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §321, p. ???.
The phrase "was done in some hereditary fashion" is not clear. The point is that sin became hereditary.
it is even a voluntary sin because, contracted by an evil will from the first man, it has in a certain way become hereditary
Indien deze solidariteit ook verbroken kon worden, zou niet alleen alle mede-lijden, maar ook alle liefde, vriendschap, voorbede enz. ophouden te bestaan
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §323, p. 95.
If this solidarity also could be broken, not only all compassion but all love, friendship, intercession, and so on would cease to exist.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §323, p. ???.
The translation misses the point. Bavinck begins the paragraph by stating: “Among people there is solidarity for good or ill: community in blessing and in judgment.” In the sentence in question, "mede-lijden" does not mean "compassion" but rather "co-suffering." If one denies solidarity, he denies not only solidarity in what is negative (such as suffering), but also in what is positive (such as love and friendship).
If this solidarity also could be broken, not only all co-suffering but also all love, friendship, intercession, and so on would cease to exist.
Fieri nequit quin maxime sese amet creatura, quam non absorpserit amor Dei (Melanchton).
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §324, p. 100.
It is impossible for a creature that the love of God has not saturated fully to love itself” (Melanchthon).
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §324, p. ???.
Melanchthon says the opposite: if one is not filled with God’s love, one will primarily love oneself. The Latin construction is somewhat complex, but it implies a double negation — that it is impossible for a creature not to love itself above all. The suggested translation simplifies the sentence.
It is inevitable that a creature that the love of God has not saturated will love primarily itself” (Melanchthon).
Augustinus, de cons. Ev. II c. 4.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §330, p. 135, n. 1.
Augustine, The Consensus of the Evangelists, II, ch. 4
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §330, p. ???.
The English translation of Augustine's book has a different title.
Augustine, The Harmony of the Gospels, II, ch.4
Sine voluntate non potest es se peccatum, quia sine voluntate non potest existere ut sit; sine autem voluntate potest esse, quia sine voluntate potest manere quod existit
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §331, p. 141.
Sin cannot exist without the will because without the will it cannot exist as it is; without the will, however, it cannot be, because without the will, what exists cannot remain
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §331, p. ???.
The translation is difficult to read and contradicts the point Bavinck is making. The source of sin is a wrong choice of the will. Sin could come into existence only through the involvement of the will. However, the continued existence of sin is not dependent on new choices of the will, because human nature is already permeated with sin.
Sin cannot exist without the will because without the will it cannot begin to exist; however, once it already exists, it can continue to exist even without the will
Maar toch is het noch aan Rothe gelukt, om de zelfzucht uit de zinnelijkheid, noch ook aan J. Müller met zijn preëxistentianisme, om de zinnelijkheid uit de zelfzucht te verklaren
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §333, p. 151-52.
Yet Rothe failed to explain self-seeking from sensuality, and J. Müller, with his preexistentialism, failed to explain self-seeking from sensuality
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §333, p. ???.
At the end of the sense, it should be the other way round: sensuality from self-seeking
Yet Rothe failed to explain self-seeking from sensuality, and J. Müller, with his preexistentialism, failed to explain sensuality from self-seeking.
Antid. conc Trid. VI 12
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §333, p. 154, n. 2.
The Catechism of the Council of Trent, VI, 12
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §333, p. ???.
It's not the Catechism; Bavinck means a different document.
Acta synodi Tridentinae cum antidoto, VI, 12.
Dat echter het lijden niet in dien zin aan God is toe te schrijven, dat het met de schepping zelve gegeven was, staat vast op grond van de leer der H. Schrift, van het getuigenis onzer conscientie, en het wezen der religie, dat heiligheid en zaligheid ten nauwste verbindt.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §340, p. 182-83.
The fact, however, that suffering cannot be attributed in that sense to God and that it is given with the creation itself is certain on the basis of the doctrine of Scripture, the witness of our conscience, and the essential truth of religion that most intimately unites holiness and blessedness.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §340, p. ???.
The translation makes it seem as if Bavinck affirms that suffering is inherent to creation itself, which is incorrect.
The fact, however, that suffering cannot be attributed to God in the sense that it is given with the creation itself is certain on the basis of the doctrine of Scripture, the witness of our conscience, and the essential truth of religion that most intimately unites holiness and blessedness.
Vetus Testamentum Novum praeoccupat et Vetus interpretatum est Novum.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §345, p. 214-15.
The Old Testament anticipates and interprets the New.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §345, p. ???.
The other way round. In the 5th edition, the Latin text is corrected.
The Old Testament anticipates the New and is interpreted by it.
De beloften des Evangelies, aan Adam, Abraham enz. geschonken, mogen wel onder den naam van foedus gratiae worden samengevat, maar ook dit foedus gratiae in het O. T. verschilt dan niet slechts in accidentia, doch ook in substantia van het N. Test., gelijk de belofte van de vervulling, de schaduw van het lichaam verschilt.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §345, p. 216.
The gospel promises were given to Adam, Abraham, and others, though they may be summed up in the term “covenant of grace.” This covenant differs not only incidentally but also substantially from the New Testament, just as the promise differs from the fulfillment, and the shadow from the body.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §345, p. ???.
The translation does not convey Bavinck's idea.
The gospel promises given to Adam, Abraham, and others, may indeed be summed up in the term “covenant of grace,” but also this covenant of grace in the Old Testament differs not only incidentally but also substantially from the New Testament, just as the promise differs from the fulfillment, and the shadow from the body.
En de H. Geest is terstond opgetreden als de Trooster, als de toepasser van het heil, door den Christus te verwerven.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §346, p. 216.
And the Holy Spirit immediately acted as the Paraclete, the one applying the salvation acquired by Christ.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §346, p. ???.
Bavinck is discussing the pactum salutis and is reasoning from the perspective of what is yet to happen.
And the Holy Spirit immediately acted as the Paraclete, the one applying the salvation to be acquired by Christ.
Zelfs de volgens de nieuwere critiek oudste stukken spreken dit geloof duidelijk uit.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §348, p. 229.
Even the most ancient parts [of the Old Testament], according to modern criticism, clearly voice this belief.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §348, p. ???.
In the context, it is a rather important correction.
Even the parts [of the Old Testament] considered oldest according to modern criticism, clearly voice this belief.
Het zoonschap van Israël heeft in de eerste plaats eene theocratische, en de uitdrukking volk van God niet alleen eene religieuze, maar ook eene nationale beteekenis.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §348, p. 230-31.
Israel’s sonship is primarily a theocratic one, and the expression “people of God” has not only a religious but also a national meaning.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §348, p. ???.
This is not really important, but still: the word theocratic refers to "meaning" rather than "sonship".
Israel’s sonship has primarily a theocratic meaning, and the expression “people of God” has not only a religious but also a national meaning.
Dat kan niet het geval zijn, omdat God onveranderlijk is, omdat de eisch, in het werkverbond aan den mensch gesteld, geen gril en geen willekeur is, omdat het beeld Gods, de wet, de religie in hun wezen slechts één kunnen zijn, omdat de genade de natuur, het geloof de wet niet te niet kan of mag doen.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §349, p. 237.
That simply could not be the case, for God is unchangeable; the demand posed to humans in the covenant of works is not arbitrary and capricious. The image of God, the law, and religion can by their very nature only be one; grace, nature, and faith cannot or may not nullify the law.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §349, p. ???.
There is no comma between de genade and de natuur; Bavinck means two pairs: grace-nature and faith-law.
That simply could not be the case, for God is unchangeable, because the demand posed to humans in the covenant of works is neither arbitrary nor capricious, because the image of God, the law, and religion can by their very nature only be one, because grace cannot and may not nullify nature, nor faith the law.
Augustinus drukt zich geregeld aldus uit; ita vero inter Deum et homines mediator apparuit, ut in unitate personae copulans utramque naturam, et solita sublimaret insolitis et insolita solitis temperaret, Ep. ad Volus. 3.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §356, p. 267.
Augustine regularly expresses himself as follows: “Thus there appeared a mediator between God and humans that, combining the two natures in the unity of the person, he might elevate what is earthly to the heavenly and temper the heavenly with the earthly” (Ep. ad Volus, 3).
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §356, p. ???.
Volus must be Volusianus
Augustine regularly expresses himself as follows: “Thus there appeared a mediator between God and humans that, combining the two natures in the unity of the person, he might elevate what is earthly to the heavenly and temper the heavenly with the earthly” (Ep. ad Volusianus, 3).
Uit de vaderen κατα σαρκα, is Hij toch ὁ ὠν ἐπι παντων θεος εὐλογητος εἰς τους αἰωνας, Rom. 9:5.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §369, p. 323.
From the fathers, according to the flesh (κατα σαρκα), comes the Messiah, who is over all, God blessed forever (Rom. 9:5).
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §369, p. ???.
Bavinck emphasizes the contrast between Christ's descent from the fathers and his being God over all.
From the fathers according to the flesh (κατα σαρκα), He is nonetheless God over all, blessed forever (Rom. 9:5).
Hugenholtz zegt wel, aldaar bl. 65, dat in Paulus ten duidelijkste blijkt, hoe het Christus-ideaal onafhankelijk van den historischen Jezus ontstond. Maar deze bewering is ten eenenmale onjuist en o. a. door Joh. Weiss, Paulus und Jesus, Berlin 1909 voldoende weerlegd, ook al mocht zijne meening niet houdbaar zijn, dat Paulus Jezus ook persoonlijk heeft gekend.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §369, p. 326, n. 3.
Hugenholtz (65) acknowledges that according to Paul it is most clear how the Christ ideal is dependent on the historical Jesus. However, this conviction [he believes] is singularly wrong and has been thoroughly discredited by, among others, J. Weiss (Paulus und Jesus [Berlin, 1909]; ET: Paul and Jesus, trans. H.J. Chaytor [New York: Harper, 1909]) even though Hugenholtz does not agree with Weiss that Paul knew Jesus personally.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §369, p. ???.
The translation of the first sentence is incorrect and further confuses Hugenholtz’s position with Bavinck’s.
Hugenholtz (p. 65) does indeed say there, that in Paul it becomes most clear how the Christ ideal arose independently of the historical Jesus. However, this conviction is singularly wrong and has been thoroughly discredited by, among others, J. Weiss (Paulus und Jesus [Berlin, 1909]; ET: Paul and Jesus, trans. H.J. Chaytor [New York: Harper, 1909]) even though his opinion that Paul also knew Jesus personally may not be tenable.
Tegenover Nestorius verdedigde Cyrillus, dat de vereeniging in Christus niet eene zedelijke was, maar eene ἑνωσις κατα φυσιν of καθ’ ὑποστασιν, eene ἑνωσις φυσικη; maar wijl hij de woorden προσωπον, ὑποστασις, φυσις nog niet zoo duidelijk als lateren onderscheidde, aarzelde hij om van δυο φυσεις in Christus te spreken.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §369, p. 328.
Over against Nestorius, Cyril maintained that the union in Christ was not a moral one, but a union in “nature” or in “substance,” a “natural union.” But since he did not yet distinguish the words προσωπον (person), ὑποστασις (substance), and φυσις (nature) as clearly as later theologians did, he did not hesitate to speak of “two natures” in Christ.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §369, p. ???.
Bavinck (rightly) says the opposite to what the translation implies.
Over against Nestorius, Cyril maintained that the union in Christ was not a moral one, but a union in “nature” or in “substance,” a “natural union.” But since he did not yet distinguish the words προσωπον (person), ὑποστασις (substance), and φυσις (nature) as clearly as later theologians did, he hesitated to speak of “two natures” in Christ
Wel worden de eigenschappen der Goddelijke natuur niet formaliter die der menschelijke, zooals volgens Rome de Lutherschen beweren, maar zij werken toch op de menschelijke natuur in.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §371, p. 336.
It is indeed not the case that the attributes of the divine nature formally become the properties of the human nature, as is the position of Rome according to the Lutherans. These attributes do, however, inwardly impact human nature.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §371, p. ???.
The other way round.
It is indeed not the case that the attributes of the divine nature formally become the properties of the human nature, as is the position of the Lutherans according to Rome. These attributes do, however, inwardly impact human nature.
deze theologen werden door Stancarus heel wat hooger geschat, dan de Hervormers
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §381, p. 398.
these theologians were much more highly esteemed by Stancarus than by the Reformers
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §381, p. ???.
This mistake also does not allow to understand the quotation that follows after this sentence.
Stancarus held these theologians in much higher esteem than he did the Reformers
De Roomschen hielden daartegen wel staande, dat Christus alleen middelaar was naar zijne menschelijke natuur, maar zij moesten toch erkennen, dat Christus, om middelaar te zijn, beide God en mensch moest wezen, dat beide naturen het suppositum en de substantia mediatoris uitmaakten
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §381, p. 398.
Catholic scholars, on the other hand, though they maintained that Christ was only a mediator in his human nature, nevertheless had to admit that for Christ to be a mediator, he had to be both God and man, that both natures together constituted the presupposition and basis of the mediator.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §381, p. ???.
In the Christological context, suppositum can be rendered as person.
Catholic scholars, on the other hand, though they maintained that Christ was only a mediator in his human nature, nevertheless had to admit that for Christ to be a mediator, he had to be both God and man, that both natures together constituted the person and substance of the mediator.
de tweede uitlegging verstaat de plaats zoo, dat Christus tusschen zijn dood en zijn opstaan uit het graf naar het doodenrijk ging en aan degenen, die in Noachs dagen ongehoorzaam waren en stierven, het Evangelie verkondigde
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §391, p. 461.
The second interprets the text to say that between his death and resurrection, Christ left the grave and went to Hades and preached the gospel to those who were disobedient and died in the days of Noah
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §393, p. ???.
"Uit het graf" refers to "opstaan."
The second interprets the text to say that between his death and resurrection from the grave, Christ went to Hades and preached the gospel to those who were disobedient and died in the days of Noah
En ten andere is het evenzoo boven allen twijfel verheven, dat van eene nederdaling van Christus ter helle, om de geloovigen des ouden Testaments uit den hades in den hemel over te brengen, of om in het algemeen aan alle in ongehoorzaamheid of in onkunde gestorvenen (behalve dan misschien de tijdgenooten van Noach) in deze pericope met geen enkel woord sprake is.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §391, p. 461.
It is equally beyond dispute, in the second place, that no mention whatever is made in this pericope of a descent of Christ into hell for the purpose of conducting Old Testament believers from Hades to heaven, or in general [of preaching judgment] to all who died in disobedience or ignorance (except, perhaps, the contemporaries of Noah).
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §393, p. ???.
The Dutch original is incomplete, and the translation rightly inserts [of preaching]. But "judgment" is unnecessary.
It is equally beyond dispute, in the second place, that no mention whatever is made in this pericope of a descent of Christ into hell for the purpose of conducting Old Testament believers from Hades to heaven, or in general [of preaching] to all who died in disobedience or ignorance (except, perhaps, the contemporaries of Noah).
Indien de voorstelling van Lombardus, Thomas e. a., dat Christus alleen middelaar was naar zijne menschelijke natuur, op deze wijze omschreven en beperkt werd, schijnt zij van de Gereformeerde leer weinig te verschillen.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §398, p. 482.
If the view of Lombard, Aquinas, and others that Christ was a mediator only according to his human nature was denied and qualified that way, it seems to differ little from the Reformed position.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §398, p. ???.
Probably a typo.
If the view of Lombard, Aquinas, and others that Christ was a mediator only according to his human nature was defined and qualified that way, it seems to differ little from the Reformed position.
Als het middelaarsambt door de menschelijke natuur alleen kon vervuld zijn, dan volgt daaruit, dat ook andere menschen dan Christus, zij het ook in mindere mate en op lageren rang, als middelaars kunnen optreden.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §398, p. 482.
If the office of mediator can only be fulfilled by the human nature, it follows that also persons other than Christ, be it in a lesser degree and on a lower level, can act as mediators.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §398, p. ???.
The translation sounds as if one must have a human nature to fulfil the office of mediator. While that is true, it is not what Bavinck intends to say here. His point is that human nature alone is not sufficient for the office of mediator.
If only the human nature is sufficient for the office of mediator, it follows that also persons other than Christ, be it in a lesser degree and on a lower level, can act as mediators.
Wie er niet mede rekent, doet eene klove gapen tusschen hetgeen Jezus zelf vóór zijn sterven leerde en hetgeen later door de apostelen verkondigd wordt. Dezen toch knoopen aan bij dat onderwijs, dat bepaaldelijk ook in de veertig dagen door Jezus aan zijne jongeren verstrekt werd.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §401, p. 500.
Those who do not take account of it create a large chasm between what Jesus himself taught before his death and what was later preached by his apostles. These men, certainly, linked up with the instruction given by Jesus to his disciples specifically in that forty-day period.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §401, p. ???.
"These men" is rather awkward and can be read as if Bavinck means "those who do not take account of it" from the first sentence. But "dezen" refers simply to the apostles.
Those who do not take account of it create a large chasm between what Jesus himself taught before his death and what was later preached by his apostles. The apostolic witness, certainly, linked up with the instruction given by Jesus to his disciples specifically in that forty-day period.
Verg. Sanday-Headlam t. a. p. bl. 130: κατὰ ἄνθρωπον λέγω must be written large over all such language.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §402, p. 506, n. 4.
cf. W. Sanday and A. C. Headlam, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, 130: “must be written large over all such language.”
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §402, p. ???.
The translation overlooks the Greek phrase. Bavinck argues that God accommodates his language to our human capacity for understanding — an idea that must be considered when interpreting biblical texts. The Greek phrase conveys the very point Bavinck is making.
cf. W. Sanday and A. C. Headlam, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, 130: “'humanly speaking' must be written large over all such language.”
omnes qui salvi fiunt nisi ipso volente non fiunt
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §404, p. 516.
all are saved except those who of their own free will are not saved
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §404, p. ???.
"Ipso" refers here to God.
all who are saved are not saved unless he (God) wills it
nullum hominum fieri salvum nisi quem salvum fieri ipse voluerit
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §404, p. 518.
no human being is saved unless he himself wants to be saved
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §404, p. ???.
Such a translation (like the previous one) weakens the idea that Bavinck seeks to express by citing Augustine and the scholastics.
no human being is saved except whom he (God) wills to be saved
evenals onder het Oude Testament de verzoenende handeling niet bestond in het slachten van het offerdier, maar in de besprenging van het bloed op het altaar of op het verzoendeksel, Lev. 16: 11—16, zoo brengt Christus de verzoening eigenlijk niet op aarde door zijn dood, maar in den hemel door zijne voorbede tot stand.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §409, p. 542.
just as under the Old Testament dispensation the atoning act consisted not in slaying the sacrificial animal but in sprinkling its blood on the altar or on the mercy seat (Lev. 16:11–16), so Christ really brings about expiation on earth, not by his death, but by his intercession in heaven.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §409, p. ???.
Bavinck describes the Socinian viewpoint where he contrasts Christ's ministry on the earth and in heaven (which is missed in the translation).
just as under the Old Testament dispensation the atoning act consisted not in slaying the sacrificial animal but in sprinkling its blood on the altar or on the mercy seat (Lev. 16:11–16), so Christ actually brings about expiation not on earth by his death, but in heaven by his intercession.
Dat nu deze subjectieve gerechtigheid, die wezenlijk in vertrouwen op God bestaat, ook eene vrucht van Gods genade en eene werking zijns Geestes is, treedt uit den aard der zaak in het O. T. nog niet zoo duidelijk aan het licht.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §410, p. 557.
The fact that this subjective righteousness, which basically consists in trust in God, is also a fruit of God’s grace and a working of his Spirit is the nature of the case in the Old Testament.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §410, p. ???.
The fact that this subjective righteousness, which basically consists in trust in God, is also a fruit of God’s grace and a working of his Spirit, does not yet become so clearly apparent in the Old Testament.
hij maakt daarom onderscheid in de gaven, naarmate ze dienen tot stichting der gemeente, 1 Cor. 12:7, 14:12, stelt om die reden de glossolalie ver beneden de profetie, 1 Cor. 14, en raadt alle geloovigen aan, om te streven naar de beste gaven, waarbij de liefde de uitnemendste weg is, want zonder haar zijn alle gaven waardeloos, 1 Cor. 12:31v.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §413, p. 570.
For that reason he distinguishes between the gifts in terms of whether they serve to edify the church (1 Cor. 12:7; 14:12). For that reason he rates glossolalia far below prophecy (1 Cor. 14) and counsels all believers to strive after the best gifts. Among these gifts love is the most excellent, for without it all other gifts are worthless (1 Cor. 12:31–13:13).
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §413, p. ???.
It's a minor point, but Bavinck does not clearly call love a gift.
For that reason he distinguishes between the gifts in terms of whether they serve to edify the church (1 Cor. 12:7; 14:12). For that reason he rates glossolalia far below prophecy (1 Cor. 14) and counsels all believers to strive after the best gifts, while love is the most excellent way, for without it all other gifts are worthless (1 Cor. 12:31–13:13).
wiewohl etliche achten, man solle nichts lehren vor dem Glauben, sondern die Busse aus und nach dem Glauben folgend lehren, auf dass die Widersacher nicht sagen mögen, man widerrufe unsere vorige Lehre, so ist aber doch anzusehen, weil die Busse und Gesetz auch zu dem gemeinen Glauben gehören (denn man muss ja zuvor glauben, dass Gott sei, der da dreue, gebiete und schrecke ect.), so sei es für den gemeinen groben Mann, dass man solche Stücke des Glaubens lasse bleiben unter dem Namen Busse, Gebot, Gesetzfurcht etc., auf dass sie desto unterschiedlicher den Glauben Christi verstehen
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §419, p. 598.
Although some people indeed believe one ought not teach anything antecedently to faith but teach repentance in terms of faith and flowing from faith, yet so that the adversary may not be able to say I’m recanting my earlier teaching, one has to assume that, since repentance and law also belong to the common beliefs (for one must certainly have believed beforehand that it is God who threatens, commands, and frightens), it is for ordinary uneducated persons that one should leave such doctrines under the name of ‘repentance,’ ‘command,’ ‘law,’ ‘fear,’ and so on in order that they may understand the Christian faith all the more discriminatingly.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §419, p. ???.
The structure must be corrected. Further, Glauben Christi means in this context not the Christian doctrine, but the faith in Christ (“understand that faith in Christ differs from these preceding elements”)
Although some people indeed believe one ought not teach anything antecedently to faith but teach repentance in terms of faith and flowing from faith, so that the adversary may not be able to say I’m recanting my earlier teaching, yet one has to assume that, since repentance and law also belong to the common beliefs (for one must certainly have believed beforehand that there is God who threatens, commands, and frightens), it is for ordinary uneducated persons that one should leave such doctrines under the name of ‘repentance,’ ‘command,’ ‘law,’ ‘fear,’ and so on in order that they may understand the faith in Christ all the more discriminatingly
Als wij dit alles onder den naam van mysticisme van de eigenlijke mystiek afzonderen, blijft voor deze toch nog het streven over, om met behulp van eene buitengewone werking der goddelijke genade tot eene hoogere kennis van en eene inniger gemeenschap met God door te dringen, dan die voor den gewonen geloovige is weggelegd.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §420, p. 601-2.
If we isolate all this from true mysticism under the name of general mysticism, there still remains for the latter the endeavor, with the aid of an extraordinary working of divine grace, to advance to a higher knowledge and a more intimate communion with God than can be achieved by the ordinary believer.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §420, p. ???.
If "mysticisme = general mysticism" and "de eigenlijke mystiek = true mysticism", then in what follows Bavinck means true mysticism.
If we isolate all this from true mysticism under the name of general mysticism, there still remains for the former the endeavor, with the aid of an extraordinary working of divine grace, to advance to a higher knowledge and a more intimate communion with God than can be achieved by the ordinary believer.
Holtius en Comrie gaven sedert 1753 samen uit: Examen van het ontwerp van Tolerantie, om de leer in de Dordr. Synode, anno 1619 vastgesteld, met de veroordeelde leer der Remonstranten te vereenigen.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §420, p. 608, n. 3.
In 1753 and the following years, Holtius and Comrie jointly published Examen van het Ontwerp van Tolerantie, 10 vols. (Amsterdam: Nicolaas Byl, 1753) with a view to reconciling the doctrines adopted by the Synod of Dort (1619) with the doctrines of the Remonstrants condemned by the synod.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §421, p. ???.
The translation implies that Holtius and Comrie themselves tried to reconcile "the doctrines adopted by the Synod of Dort (1619) with the doctrines of the Remonstrants condemned by the synod". But that's not true. The whole sentence of Bavinck is just the long title of the same work, which should not be translated. In this work, Holtius and Comrie critically analyze the attempts to reconcile the Dordt canons with the Remonstrant doctrine.
In 1753 and the following years, Holtius and Comrie jointly published Examen van het ontwerp van tolerantie, om de leere in de Dordrechtse Synode anno 1619 vastgesteld, met de veroordeelde leere der Remonstranten te verenigen, 10 vols. (Amsterdam: Nicolaas Byl, 1753).
Door prediking, tucht, collegia pietatis en vele geschriften trad Spener op tegen de doode orthodoxie.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §422, p. 611.
By means of sermons, discipline, lectures on piety, and numerous writings, Spener took action against dead orthodoxy.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §422, p. ???.
"Collegia" means here conventicles or assemblies.
By means of sermons, discipline, assemblies of piety, and numerous writings, Spener took action against dead orthodoxy.
zij doet ons inzien, dat tristitia, spes et metus, commiseratio, humilitas, poenitentia, cognitio mali, meditatio mortis het leven onderdrukken en dus niet goed kunnen zijn.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §423, p. 617.
It enables us to see that sadness, hope, fear, pity, humility, repentance, knowledge of evil, and meditation or death oppress life and therefore cannot be good.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §423, p. ???.
Probably a typo.
It enables us to see that sadness, hope, fear, pity, humility, repentance, knowledge of evil, and meditation on death oppress life and therefore cannot be good.
Als de mensch één geheel, een organisch wezen is, dan moet hij in de kern van zijne persoonlijkheid, in zijne innerlijke gezindheid óf goed óf kwaad zijn.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §423, p. 618.
If humans are of one blood, if they are organic beings, they must in the core of their personality, in their inmost disposition, be either good or evil.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §423, p. ???.
The point is not that humans (in plural) are of one blood, but that one and the same man is "one whole."
If man is one whole, an organic being, he must in the core of his personality, in his inmost disposition, be either good or evil.
Deze ethische gezindheid is niet uit den mensch als natuurwezen, uit zijn egoïsme te verklaren, maar wijst terug op de inmanente objectieve rede, die in hem werkt en zich door het booze heen in mensch en wereld realiseert.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §423, p. 621.
This ethical disposition cannot be explained by saying that human beings are products of nature, in terms of their egoism, but harks back to an immanent objective reason that works in them and realizes itself through the evil present in themselves and the world.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §423, p. ???.
“in mensch en wereld” refers to "realizes", not to "the evil".
This ethical disposition cannot be explained by saying that human beings are products of nature, in terms of their egoism, but harks back to an immanent objective reason that works in them and realizes itself, through the evil, in them and the world.
daarom heeft de mythologie natuur, de Christelijke theologie daarentegen geschiedenis tot inhoud, bepaaldelijk zooals deze zich concentreert in den persoon, en nog nader in den dood en de opstanding van Christus, die het keerpunt der tijden is.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §424, p. 625.
Therefore, whereas nature is the content of mythology, the content of Christianity is history, especially as this is concentrated in the person of Christ, who is the center of history.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §424, p. ???.
A part of the sentence is omitted in the translation.
Therefore, whereas nature is the content of mythology, the content of Christianity is history, especially as this is concentrated in the person, and more precisely in the death and resurrection of Christ, who is the center of history.
Ook al loochenden piëtisme en methodisme de verwerving der zaligheid door Christus niet, zij lieten deze toch ongebruikt staan en brachten ze met de toepassing in geen organisch verband.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §427, p. 652.
Even though Pietism and Methodism did not deny the acquisition of salvation by Christ, they did not use this doctrine or relate it in any organic way to the application of salvation.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §427b, p. 567.
"Deze" refers not to "this doctrine" but to salvation. Bavinck argues that, from the standpoint of Pietism and Methodism, salvation remains “unused.”
Even though Pietism and Methodism did not deny the acquisition of salvation by Christ, they left salvation unused and did not relate it in any organic way to its application.
God is eeuwige liefde, eeuwig verzoend, eeuwig één met den mensch.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §427, p. 654.
God is eternal life, eternally reconciled, eternally one with humankind.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §427b, p. ???.
In itself, it is not really important; but in the context the notion of God's love is central, so it's better to translate it as it is.
God is eternal love, eternally reconciled, eternally one with humankind.
Er behoeft dus naast de genade, die van de zonde verlost, geene andere genade te zijn, die den mensch dan nog boven zijne natuur verheft.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §429, p. 665.
Accordingly, besides the grace that delivers us from sin, there needs to be another grace that then elevates humans above their nature.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §429, p. ???.
The translation contradicts an important point Bavinck is making: while in Catholicism grace is necessary primarily for the elevation of human beings above their nature, for the Reformers grace is opposed not to nature, but only to sin. Accordingly, there is no need for any other grace apart from the one that saves us from sin.
Accordingly, besides the grace that delivers us from sin, there needs to be no other grace that then elevates humans above their nature.
Anderen onderscheidden in de roeping eene vocatio inefficax et efficax, of eene vocatio externa en interna, en zagen in de vocatio efficax of interna den aanvang van het nieuwe leven.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §430, p. 671.
Others distinguished an “inefficacious” from an “efficacious” or an “external” from an “internal” calling as the beginning of the new life.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §430, p. ???.
Bavinck notes that these distinctions were made in order to associate the beginning of the new life specifically with the efficacious/internal calling.
Others distinguished an “inefficacious” from an “efficacious” or an “external” from an “internal” calling, and saw in the latter the beginning of the new life.
In den strijd tegen het neonomisme zijn enkele Gereformeerden daarom van eene eeuwige rechtvaardigmaking of van eene rechtvaardigmaking van eeuwigheid gaan spreken. De zaak, welke men er door uitdrukken wil, wordt door allen erkend, want Christus heeft zich metterdaad in den raad des vredes van eeuwigheid voor zijn volk tot borg gesteld, hun schuld op zich genomen, en zijne gerechtigheid hun toegerekend.
Gereformeerde dogmatiek. Deel 3, 2e druk, 1910. §432, p. 684.
In the controversy with neonomianism, some Reformed theologians therefore began to speak of an “eternal justification” or of a “justification from eternity.” The concept that these theologians wanted to express by these terms is recognized by all of them, for Christ indeed from eternity offered himself as surety for his people, took their guilt upon himself, and imputed his righteousness to them in the counsel of peace.
Reformed Dogmatics. Volume 3, 2006. §432, p. ???.
Bavinck's point is that the concept in question is recognized by all (Reformed) theologians, not only by those who use the term "eternal justification".
In the controversy with neonomianism, some Reformed theologians therefore began to speak of an “eternal justification” or of a “justification from eternity.” The concept that these theologians wanted to express by these terms is recognized by all, for Christ indeed from eternity offered himself as surety for his people, took their guilt upon himself, and imputed his righteousness to them in the counsel of peace.